Cancer: Melanoma
Action: Anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory
Melanoma
A new iridoid glycoside, 10-O-(4'-O-methylsuccinoyl) geniposide (7), and two new pyronane glycosides, jasminosides Q and R (13 and 14, resp.), along with nine known iridoid glycosides, 1-6 and 8-10, and two known pyronane glycosides, 11 and 12, were isolated from a MeOH extract of Gardeniae Fructus, the dried ripe fruit of Gardenia jasminoides (Rubiaceae).
The structures of new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyzes and comparison with literature.
Upon evaluation of compounds 1-14 on the melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells induced with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), three compounds, i.e., 6-O-p-coumaroylgeniposide (3), 7, and 6'-O-sinapoyljasminoside (12), exhibited inhibitory effects with 21.6-41.0 and 37.5-47.7% reduction of melanin content at 30 and 50 µM, respectively, with almost no toxicity to the cells (83.7-106.1% of cell viability at 50 µM) (Akisha et al., 2012).
Anti-oxidation, Anti-inflammatory
The phytochemistry of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (GJE) and its main constituents crocins and iridoid glycosides was investigated. Numerous studies have confirmed that crocins and iridoid glycosides have effects of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-ischemic brain injuries, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-hyperglycemia, and anti-hyperlipidemia. It has been shown that GJE extract markedly prolonged bleeding time and inhibited platelet aggregation and thrombosis. It also has significant proliferation effect on both endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells (Liu et al., 2013).
References
Akihisa T, Watanabe K, Yamamoto A, et al. (2012). Melanogenesis inhibitory activity of monoterpene glycosides from Gardeniae Fructus. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 9(8), 1490-9. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.201200030.